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02.04 Syntax of a Shell Command
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02.05 Case Sensitive
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# Lists what is in the current location. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads # Throws an error. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ LS -bash: LS: command not found Filename ≠ FiLeNaMe ≠ FILENAME |
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Filename ≠ FiLeNaMe ≠ FILENAME |
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02.06 Getting Help: man
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[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ man ls
LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alpha‐
betically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
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Manual page ls(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit) |
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# Reset: Type the following: [arcc-t05@blog1 ???]$ cd [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ # The ~ “tilda” character represents your home directory. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ pwd /home/arcc-t05 |
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03.13 13a cd: Change the shell working directory.
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# Reset: cd
# Move up one level.
# Move into the folder’s parent.
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ cd ..
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ pwd
/home
[arcc-t05@blog1 home]$ cd ..
[arcc-t05@blog1 /]$ pwd
/
# In the ‘root’ folder
[arcc-t05@blog1 /]$ ls
# Are we defining an absolute or relative path?
[arcc-t05@blog1 /]$ cd opt
[arcc-t05@blog1 opt]$ pwd
/opt |
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03.13b cd: Change the shell working directory.
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[arcc-t05@blog1 opt]$ cd
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$
# Are we defining an absolute or relative path?
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ cd /usr/include/asm
[arcc-t05@blog1 asm]$ pwd
/usr/include/asm
[arcc-t05@blog1 asm]$ cd ../..
[arcc-t05@blog1 usr]$ pwd
/usr
[arcc-t05@blog1 usr]$ cd
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~] |
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03.14 ls: List information about the FILEs (cwd by default)
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# Reset: cd # List files in the user’s home folder. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls # List long format that includes ownership and permission details. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls -l # List all files, including hidden files and folders start with “.”. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls –a # Notice how ‘short-name’ options are grouped. # List all files with long format. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls –al # List all files with long format, in reverse order. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls –alr # List all files with long format, in reverse order, in human readable form. [arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls –alrh |
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03.15 15a mkdir: Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
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$ cd
[~]$ ls
Desktop Documents Downloads
[~]$ mkdir folder01
[~]$ ls
Desktop Documents Downloads folder01
[~]$ mkdir folder01
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘folder01’: File exists
[~]$ cd folder01/
[folder01]$ pwd
/home/arcc-t05/folder01 |
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03.15b mkdir: Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
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[folder01]$ mkdir folder02
[folder01]$ ls
folder02
[folder01]$ cd folder02/
[folder02]$ pwd
/home/arcc-t05/folder01/folder02
[folder02]$ cd ../..
[~]$ pwd
/home/arcc-t05 |
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03.16 mv: Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
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[~]$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads folder01 folder03 myfile02b.txt myfile02.txt [~]$ mkdir folder04 [~]$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads folder01 folder03 folder04 myfile02b.txt myfile02.txt # Can remove folder04 since it is empty. [~]$ rmdir folder04 [~]$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads folder01 folder03 myfile02b.txt myfile02.txt [~]$ rmdir folder03/ rmdir: failed to remove 'folder03/': Directory not empty |
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03.20 20a rm: Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
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[~]$ cd
[~]$ cd folder03
[folder03]$ ls
folder02 myfile02b.txt myfile.txt
[folder03]$ ls folder02/
[folder03]$
# ‘folder02’ is empty.
[folder03]$ rmdir folder02/
[folder03]$ ls
myfile02b.txt myfile.txt
[folder03]$ rm myfile.txt
[folder03]$ ls
myfile02b.txt
[folder03]$ rm myfile02b.txt |
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03.20b rm: Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
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[folder03]$ ls
[folder03]$
# ‘folder03’ is now empty.
[folder03]$ cd ..
[~]$ rmdir folder03/
[~]$ ls
Desktop Documents Downloads folder01 myfile02b.txt myfile02.txt
# This has taken a lot of individual steps.
# Can we do this quicker? |
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03.21 rm: folders and file(s)
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