Ex: Starting at / (root), what is the absolute path to the bits folder?

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Answer:

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title	Answer

/usr/include/bits/

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Ex: Starting in the home folder what is the relative path to the Jan folder?

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Answer:

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title	Answer

arcc-t05/workshop/data/2023/Jan/

Commands: <command --help>

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Command

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Description

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pwd

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Code Block
pwd: pwd [-LP] Print the name of the current working directory.

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cd

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Panel

panelIconId	1f642
panelIcon	:slight_smile:
panelIconText	🙂
bgColor	#FFEBE6

If you are following along as part of a scheduled training or bootcamp, please replace the arccanetrain directory with the project directory you’ve been provided for your specific training/bootcamp. If you are training independently, please use your own project folder, but contact arcc-help@uwyo.edu if you would like a copy of the files and directories used in our examples.

Commands:

Used to perform certain operating system tasks through the Command Line Interface, as directed by the interpreter (as opposed to a Graphical Interface Interpreter we would usually use).

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<command --help>

Command

Description

pwd

Code Block
pwd: pwd [-LP] Print the name of the current working directory.

cd

Code Block
cd: cd [-L\|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] Change the shell working directory.

ls

Code Block
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default)

mkdir

Code Block
Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.

mv

Code Block
Usage: mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST or: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY or: mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE... Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

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Commands: <command --help>

Command

Description

cp

Code Block
Usage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY or: cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE... Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

rmdir

Code Block
Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.

rm

Code Block
Usage: rm [OPTION]... [FILE]... Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).

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pwd: Print the name of the current working directory

Info
If you get lost, then you can jump back to the home folder.

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Code Block
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ pwd /home/arcc-t05

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cd: Change the shell working directory

Info
Start by navigating back to home.

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Code Block
[arcc-t05@blog1 home]$ cd .. [arcc-t05@blog1 /]$ pwd //

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cd: Change working directory (cont)

Info
Navigate into the `opt` folder.

Code Block
[arcc-t05@blog1 /]$ cd opt [arcc-t05@blog1 opt]$ pwd /opt

Question: Did we define an an absolute or relative path?

Info

Question: Did we define an an absolute or relative path?

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Answer:

Did we define an an absolute or relative path?

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title	Answer

When we print out the working directory, we are presented with a '/' in front of opt, however when we changed directories to opt, our cd command did not have a '/'. Therefore, we defined the relative path to the opt directory.

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cd: Change the shell working directory

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Info
Question: Did we define an absolute or relative path?

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Answer:

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title	Answer

Relative path, since we specified the full path, starting with root: /

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Info
Navigate up two levels:

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How can you return to your home folder?
What command do you use if you’ve forgotten where you are in the folder hierarchy?
How can you list what is in a folder as well as any subfolders?
Go back through the command related slides are try for yourself.

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Answers

1: How can you you return to your home folder?

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title	Answer

Use: cd or cd ~ as a shortcut to return to your home folder

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instead of using a cd /home/$USER or cd /home/<insert_your_username>/
cd stands for: change directory

2: What command do you use if you’ve forgotten where you are in the folder hierarchy?

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title	Answer

Use: pwd
This stands for: print working directory.

3: How can you list what is a folder as well as any subfoldersa folder as well as any subfolders?

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title	Answer

ls command lists contents, which flag do we use to get it’s subfolders as well?

Code Block
[]$ man ls -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively []$ ls -R

-R is for recursive, which relates to repeated application of the rule over successive executions. We continue applying the listings for all subfolders that exist within the top level parent directory.

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File Ownership and Permissions

What does the output of ls –l mean?

Code Block

[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ cd /project/arccanetrain/intro_to_linux
[arcc-t05@blog1 intro_to_linux]$ ls -al
total 54
drwxrwsr-x  4 salexan5 arccanetrain  4096 Oct  6 08:09 .
drwxrws--- 40 root     arccanetrain  4096 Oct  6 08:09 ..
drwxrwsr-x  2 salexan5 arccanetrain  4096 Oct  5 11:19 clusters
drwxrwsr-x  6 salexan5 arccanetrain  4096 Oct  5 14:56 data
-rw-rw-r--  1 salexan5 arccanetrain   874 Oct  5 15:30 fruits.txt
-rw-rw-r--  1 salexan5 arccanetrain 34472 Oct  5 10:57 software.csv
-rw-rw-r--  1 salexan5 arccanetrain  1603 Oct  6 08:08 vegatables.txt
-rw-rw-r--  1 arcc-t05 arccanetrain    26 Oct  5 07:20 workshop_all.txt
-rw-------  1 arcc-t05 arccanetrain    23 Oct  5 07:20 workshop_me.txt

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Note
No one, other than `arcc-t01` can create (write) a file within this folder.create (write) a file within this folder.

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If we change directories, and go to /project/arccanetrain/intro_to_linux, what permissions do the contents of this directory have?

Code Block
[arcc-t01]$ cd ../intro_to_linux [arcc-t01]$ ls -al # -rw-rw-r-- 1 arcc-t05 arccanetrain 26 Oct 5 07:20 workshop_all.txt

Info

Any user within the arccanetrain group can read/write the file workshop_all.txt.

Everybody can read it. Do you want anyone outside of this project to be able to read this file?

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Code Block

[]$ cd /project/arccanetrain/
[arccanetrain]$ cd arcc-t05
[arcc-t05]$ touch test.txt
# Do you get a “Permission denied”?
# Navigate into the intro_to_linux folder. 
[arcc-t05]$ cd ../intro_to_linux
[intro_to_linux]$ cat workshop_all.txt
Everybody can read this.
[intro_to_linux]$ cat workshop_me.txt
# Do you get a “Permission denied”?
# Can you cd into the /opt folder?
# Justify your answer.
# Can you cd into the /root folder?
# Justify your answer.

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Answers

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Can

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you

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cd

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into

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the

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/opt

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folder?

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Expand

title	Answer

Code Block
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ cd /opt [arcc-t05@blog1 opt]$

# Can you cd into the /root folder?

Yes

Can you cd into the /root folder?

Expand

title	Answer

Code Block
[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ cd /root -bash: cd: /root: Permission denied

# Justify

your answer.

[arcc-t05@blog1 ~]$ ls -l /
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# “other” has read permissions
drwxr-xr-x.    5 root root    43 Jun 26 11:47 opt
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# No permission set for other read permissions
dr-xr-x---.   17 root root  4096 Oct  4 12:58 root

No

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Next Steps

Previous

Using the Terminal

Workshop Home

Intro to Linux CLI: The File System

Next

Summary

Versions Compared

Old Version 21

New Version 22

Key

Ex: Starting at / (root), what is the absolute path to the bits folder?

...

Answer:

Ex: Starting in the home folder what is the relative path to the Jan folder?

...

Answer:

Commands: <command --help>

Commands:

<command --help>

Commands: <command --help>

pwd: Print the name of the current working directory

cd: Change the shell working directory

cd: Change working directory (cont)

Answer:

cd: Change the shell working directory

Answer:

Answers

File Ownership and Permissions

If we change directories, and go to /project/arccanetrain/intro_to_linux, what permissions do the contents of this directory have?

Answers

Next Steps

Page Comparison

Versions Compared

Old Version 21

New Version 22

Key

Ex: Starting at / (root), what is the absolute path to the bits folder?

...

Answer:

Ex: Starting in the home folder what is the relative path to the Jan folder?

...

Answer:

Commands: <command --help>

Commands:

<command --help>

Commands: <command --help>

pwd: Print the name of the current working directory

cd: Change the shell working directory

cd: Change working directory (cont)

Answer:

cd: Change the shell working directory

Answer:

Answers

File Ownership and Permissions

If we change directories, and go to /project/arccanetrain/intro_to_linux, what permissions do the contents of this directory have?

Answers

Next Steps